English Assignment...

A. DEFINISION OF PSYCHOLOGY

     Psychology is the science which studies human behavior and mental processes. Psychology is a branch of science that still young. Because, in the first place, science of psychology is a philosophy about the human soul. According to plato, psychology means the science that studies characteristic, nature, and living human soul (psyche = soul; logos = science).
    The soul is literally derived from the Sanskrit word JIV, which means the institution of life (levensbeginsel), or life force (levenscracht). Therefore the soul is an abstract notion, can not be seen and can not fully and clearly disclosed, so people are more likely to learn the "soul of the weld" or symptoms of "soul of physical", forms of human behavior (all activities, deed, and appearence) throughout his life. Therefore, the science of psychology needs  centuries to separate themselves from the philosophy of science.
      Words of behavior / actions have very broad sense. That includes not only motor activities like talking, walking, jogging, exercising, moving, etc., but also discusses the various functions such as seeing, hearing, remembering, thinking, fantasy, identification, display emotions emotional role in the form of tears, smiles and others.
       Activities of thinking and walking is an activity that is active. Each appearance of life being called an activity. Someone who quietly and listen to music or watching TV was not exactly passive. So the situation where there is absolutely no element of liveliness, called death.
       In essence, the psychology was busying themselves with the problem of mental activity, such as thinking, learning, respond, love, hate, and others. Various kinds of psychic activity in general is divided into four categories, namely: 1) recognition or cognition, 2) a feeling or emotion, 3) willingness, 4) mixed symptoms.
but should not be forgotten, that every psychic activity / psychic was at the same time is also a physical activity / physical. In all of our physical activity, brain and feelings always played a role; also sense organ and muscles take part in it.
      An investigation of human organs are classified into the science of physiology. Which examines the role of each organ in the life functions such as researching all about the eyes, when subjects could see and also investigate the effects of brain work to coordinate all the actions of individuals to adjust to . If all the functions of many organs and behavior is explained by the physiology, is the science of psychology still necessary?.    Physiology to explain all sorts of behavior that physically outward nature. Human being is a totality of physically and mentality. All forms of encouragement and impulse in human beings, causing all sorts of physical and mental activity, be explained by psychology. For example, if someone put a sense of high spirits, as he is currently facing a specific problem then, it will response to the problem was with the spirit to complete.

B. Branches of Psychology

     The science of psychology is has five main branches there are :

  1. Social Psychology
      Social psychology is the study of the relations between people and groups. Scholars in this interdisciplinary area are typically either psychologists or sociologists, though all social psychologists employ both the individual and the group as their units of analysis. 


 2. Educational Psychology.
     Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations. Educational psychology is concerned with how students learn and develop, often focusing on subgroups such as gifted children and those subject to specific disabilities.
3. Developmental Psychology

    Developmental psychology, also known as human development, is the scientific study of systematic psychological changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life span. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire life span.

4. Industrial and Organizational Psychology
    Industrial and Organizational Psychology applies psychology to organizations and the workplace.
Industrial-organizational psychologists contribute to an organization's success by improving the performance and well-being of its people. An I-O psychologist researches and identifies how behaviors and attitudes can be improved through hiring practices, training programs, and feedback systems.
5. Clinical Psychology

     Clinical psychology is an integration of science, theory and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development. Central to its practice are psychological assessment and psychotherapy, although clinical psychologists also engage in research, teaching, consultation, forensic testimony, and program development and administration. In many countries, clinical psychology is a regulated mental health profession.